Have you seen recent headlines urging you to add more superfoods, like kale and avocado, to your diet? Superfoods are heavily promoted for their health benefits, but not everyone has the chance to reap their rewards.
What is a superfood?
The word “superfood” has become common in our vocabulary; however, the definition can get a bit muddy because there is no scientifically based definition. Generally, a superfood is a nutrient-dense food that provides high levels of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other nutrients that support health.
Eating a variety of vitamins and minerals is important to support bodily functions, the immune system, strong bones, and hormone regulation. You also want your food to contain antioxidants, which protect your body from harmful compounds called free radicals. Free radicals are tiny molecules produced inside our bodies when we break down food or are exposed to toxic chemicals like smoke and radiation. Free radicals can damage cells and cause numerous diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. When we eat naturally colorful fruits and vegetables, we absorb antioxidants that fight free radicals.
Superfood examples:
- Kimchi is known for its high probiotic content. These are good bacteria, or microbes, that help maintain a healthy balance of microorganisms in your body to support digestion, vitamin production, and overall bodily function. Kimchi also contains antioxidants.
- Turmeric has anti-inflammatory benefits from curcumin, a compound found in turmeric and other Curcuma longa species.
- Blueberries provide anthocyanins, a type of flavonoid. Flavonoids are natural plant compounds that create color in our foods and also provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Anthocyanins specifically lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and support cancer prevention.
- Avocados provide heart-healthy fats, which can help lower LDL cholesterol and reduce inflammation in the body. Cholesterol is a type of lipid that helps with essential bodily functions, like cell membrane production, and has two types: LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein). LDL cholesterol is often referred to as “bad cholesterol” because it is associated with stroke and heart disease at high levels.
- Spinach and kale offer essential vitamins such as A, C, and K, and minerals such as calcium, potassium, magnesium, and iron. Spinach and kale both contain antioxidants and glucosinolates (sulfur-containing compounds), which have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Lentils, chia seeds, and tempeh provide fiber, protein, and important nutrients, supporting heart health and muscle preservation.
Adding superfoods and creating variety in your diet are critical to nourish your body, support balanced gut health, and ensure you get all the nutrients you need. Knowledge is only half the battle, and for many, access to these foods is the second hurdle.
Superfoods, with their trendy and marketable name, sell very well. Distributors can sell these at a high price due to increased market demand, making them available only to those who can afford them. But this ties in to a much greater issue. Neighborhoods around the country lack adequate access to fresh, nutritious foods, including superfoods. These are called food apartheid areas.
Food Apartheid
Food apartheid is a term coined by Karen Washington, a food justice advocate, that describes the systemic inequities in access to and affordability of nutritious food. This term is a more accurate reflection of the intentionality of food-scarce areas, as opposed to the commonly used “food desert”, which implies natural incidence.
Grocery stores choose to build new locations in areas with higher education and income rates. This results in other neighborhoods having very few or no grocery stores at all, and many fast-food restaurants or convenience stores.
Denver is not immune to food-apartheid areas, and it is important to be aware of the areas where food access is limited. This map illustrates how the socio-economic status of neighborhoods correlates with grocery store placement in Denver. The majority of large grocery stores are placed in areas with high or very high socio-economic status.
Transportation is also a key contributing factor to food access. Individuals in food apartheid areas may not have the luxury of personal transportation to a farther store or the time to spare to search for food in another neighborhood. Accessible public transportation can help increase food access, but buses are often too infrequent or sparse, especially in food apartheid areas, to provide adequate support.
In food apartheid areas, residents lack adequate food choices, which are essential in making educated decisions for a person’s own diet. Furthermore, limited access to nutritious food contributes to higher rates of obesity and other health issues simply because of the infrastructure placed, or not placed, in their neighborhoods. This does not mean that all individuals living in food apartheid areas will experience negative health outcomes; however, systemic patterns demonstrate a significant issue of inequity.
striving for food justice and food security
Food justice is when everyone has equal access to nutritious, affordable food and a seat at the table when it comes to fighting for their rights and fair treatment of food systems.
Someone with high food security has food in their fridge and does not have concerns about where their next meal will come from or whether they have enough food to eat. Someone with low food security may not have food in their fridge. At times, they may have disrupted eating patterns and may have to cut back on the amount or quality of their food.
At We Don’t Waste, we believe everyone has the right to food access and would like to see everyone in a place where they can be categorized as food secure.
There should be no economic or geographical barriers to accessing nutritious food with positive health impacts. In our current food system, a person’s access to nutrition can be determined by their zipcode and systemic inequities. That is a clear issue.
Take Action
- Educate yourself! Read up on food justice and food apartheid:
- Black Food Geographies by Ashante M. Reese
- Weighing In: Obesity, Food Justice, and the Limits of Capitalism by Julie Guthman
- How the Other Half Eats: The Untold Story of Food and Inequality in America by Priya Fielding-Singh, PhD
- Check out more of our favorite food systems reads!
- Support We Don’t Waste in our mission to increase food access.
- We Don’t Waste provides rescued food to local non-profit organizations in the Denver area and hosts no-cost food markets, prioritizing neighborhoods with low food security.